What condition is characterized by an infestation of head lice?

The condition characterized by an infestation of head lice is pediculosis. This term specifically refers to an infestation caused by parasites known as lice, which can thrive on the human scalp and hair, leading to symptoms like itching, irritation, and visible lice or their eggs (nits). Pediculosis is commonly seen in children and is easily transmitted through close personal contact or sharing items like combs or hats.

Other options represent different skin conditions or infestations. Scabies is caused by microscopic mites and leads to intense itching due to a different mechanism. Dermatitis refers to inflammation of the skin that can arise from various causes but does not specifically involve lice. Folliculitis is an infection that affects hair follicles and is unrelated to lice infestations.